All the structural design for the worst combination of different Load likely to be encountered by the structure in their lifespan.
The various type of Loads likely to act on a structure are:
- Dead load
- live load
- wind load
- Snow Load
- Seismic load
Dead load:- Dead load is due to the self weight of the structure. These are the permanent load which is always present. Dead load depends upon the unit weight of the material.
S.no Material Kn/m3
|
1.
|
A.C Sheets
|
0.12-0.13
|
|
2.
|
Bricks
· Ballast
· Common burnt
|
6.85-14.30
15.70-18.85
|
|
3.
|
Cement
|
14.10-12.55
|
|
4.
|
Cement concrete
· Plain
· RCC
|
24
25
|
|
5.
|
Glass
|
27
|
|
6.
|
Lime concrete
|
19.2
|
|
7.
|
Timber
|
5.65-6.58
|
|
8.
|
Mortar
|
18-20.4
|
|
9.
|
Sandstone
|
22.0-23.5
|
|
10.
|
Granite
|
25-27
|
|
11.
|
Marble
|
26.7
|
|
12
|
Water
· Fresh
· Seawater
|
9.81
10.05
|
|
13.
|
Earth
· Dry
· Wet
|
13-18
|
|
14.
|
Stone masonry
|
20-26.5
|
|
15.
|
Brick Masonry
|
18.85-23.50
|
|
16.
|
Bitumen
|
.102
|
|
17.
|
Gravel
· Loose
· Rammed
|
15.7
19-21.2
|
Unit Weight Of Various Building Materials used at sites
Live load:- live load on floors and roofs consists of all the load which is temporarily placed on the structure lots e.g. Loads of people, furniture, machines etc.
S.no Item Kn/m2
|
1.
|
Floor load
· Residential
· Office
· Shop, classroom, Restaurant
· Factories
· Garages
|
2.0
2.5-4
5.0
5-10
4-7.5
|
|
2.
|
Stairs
· Residential
· Public
|
3.0
5.0
|
|
3.
|
Roof Load
|
1.5-0.75
|
Wind load:-The force exerted by the horizontal component of winds is to be considered in the design of the building. It depends upon the velocity of Wind, shape, and size of the building. wind Load has to be considered in the design of multistorey building tower. and above 30 M height the wind pressure increase.
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